| Article Index |
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| Baduy Architecture |
| The faith of Baduy |
| Village Arrangement |
| Baduy way of living |
| Baduy Housing |
| Conclusion |
| All Pages |
3. SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT OF BADUY NEIGHBORHOOD
Kampong of Baduy people lies in Lebak district, Province of Banten. The Baduy live in Kanekes, District of Leuwidamar. This settlement is in the open air along the drainage basin of Cisimeut until the south side of mount Kendeng, which is perceived as forbiden land by Baduy people (Sipatahunan, 1968.)
To reach this place we can go by vehicle tol the countryside of Ciboleger, then we have to continue it on foot. The countryside of Ciboleger is one of the boundaries of Baduy external Kampongs.
Kampong of Kaduketug, one of the external kampongs is about 200 m from this kampong. In this kampong, we can meet the Jaro Pamarentah as a country-chief and also the connector between the Baduy society with others. Countryside of Kanekes is 5101, 85 Ha width with hilly land-texture and located nearby the dales basin.
Middle parts of the
country is a conservated forest, that is fertilized by various big wood birch
which decreases in amount because of the wild hewing.
Countryside of Kanekes is divided into three big blocks. The centre of this side kampong Tangtu or inner Baduy. First block has Tangtu Cibeo as the center, and has 9 kampongs as its outer kampongs that are: Sorokokod, Batara, Babakan Panyarangan, Kadukohok, Rancakonolang, Cisaben, Leuwihandam, Babakan Picung and Kaneungay.
Second block has Tangtu Cikartawana as the center, and 11 kampongs as its outer kampongs that are: Keduketug, Babakan Cipondok, Cihulu, Kadujangkung, Karahkal, Cigula, Gajeboh, Keduketer, Cibongkok, Cicatang and of Cikopeng.
Countryside Region of Kanekes
Last block has Tangtu Cikeusik as the center, and 20 kampongs as its outer kampongs that are: Cikakal Hilir, Leuwibuleud, Cipaler, Cicakal Girang, Cipiit, Cijengkol, Cikadu, Cisagu, Babakan Cisagu, Ciranji, Cijanar, Cicangkudu, Batubeulah, Cisadene, Cibogo, Pamowean, Cijahe, Panyaweuyan, Cilenggor, and Cibengkung (Kala Student Research, 2002.) The number of the kampongs increases in line with the growth of Baduy people (Gama, 1987.)
Kampong Cibeo, one of the inner kampongs of Baduy, is one of the core and the eldest because all cultural ceremonies take place here and the custom is strickly obeyed by the citizens.
There are 83 residental houses in kampong Cibeo including houses of the custom leaders. Kampong Cibeo is located in the boundary of river Ciparahiang with slippery clay type and bevel land conditions in rainy session. The condition of land in other kampongs is relatively the same. This condition shows a human’s natural need of water in his life.
The Position of Kampongs of Baduy
Kampong Cibeo is surrounded by forest and huma. Baduy people never change the existing condition of the land in developing their kampongs. They always try to keep the original land condition. They keep the land contour in building the houses. This strategy is applied as the implementation of their religious teachings. They are:
1. Teaching believe in God as the creator of human being. This principle of Ke-Tuhanan guides the society to respect and take care of the other creation of God, including the environment.
2. Teaching to take care of horizontal relation, that is taking care of good relation between human beings and other living things This reconciliation teaching is applied by taking care of the other creations, including plants and animals.
Various strategies are used by Baduy society in arranging their settlement as the implementation of both principles. They are:
A. Maintaining the land contour as an effort to get balanced condition with nature; and toward environmental sustainability.
The strategy applied is chosing podium type as building structure. Podium
type allows them to develop the building without smoothing down the contour.
Besides, podium type is meant to minimize the building coverage, so that
the damage of habitat which comes from the house building can be reduced.
Maintain the contour of land
Up-lifted house floor is meant to avoid the current tide, because the Baduy settlement is located in high rainfall area.
B. Dividing the places on the basis of their activity, as an effort to improve interaction; and toward social sustainability.
The land of Baduy society is known as a million abstentions land, because so much abstention and strong regulation are applied there. This regulation also includes the pattern in dividing the paces for activity. Baduy society divides their places on the basis of their activity, which include the division for setlement area, mow area, and area of huma. These three areas are differentiated by their location, because principle of ke-Tuhanan teaches them to differentiate the clean area from dirty area. Area of huma, setlement area, and mow area are ordered based on their hygenity.
Mow area Settlement area Area of huma 5 Mow area is an area for food-stuff suply, considered to be the cleanest area, directly related to human life. Settlement area, is a mixture between clean and dirty areas. This area is a place for human daily activities, so clean and dirty activities take place here. Area of huma is a working area. This area is classified as dirty area because this area is conducted by hard activities, that is berhuma.
Besides to implement the principles, the division is also a strategy to tighten interaction among the members of the society. Contiguity when running the activities increase communications among citizen. Therefore, the society does not find difficulty in their political coordination.
C. Maintaining the specific arrangement of the neighborhood, according to ancestor’s heritage custom, an effort toward cultural sustainability.
Today’s specific arrangement of Baduy neighborhood is derived from their heritage custom. Zone system of the settlement devides Baduy neighborhood into 5 areas. They are: prohibited forest zone, house of puun zone, zone of bale, zone for citizen’s houses, and zone of saung lisung.
North – South imaginary tinder
In arrengement of Baduy neighborhood
Prohibited forest zone,house of puun zone,zone of bale, and zone of saung lisung form imaginary tinder from south to north, without involving the other zone. Zone for citizen’s houses is located at the sides of the imaginary tinder. The imaginary tinder is major axis for Baduy neighborhood.
According to the faith of Baduy society, Java is Earth. This Earth is extended with the direction from east to west. Earth, their place of living is supposed as a dragon. The west part is the head of the dragon, while east part is the feet. The Baduy neighborhood is located at the backbone of the dragon. They believe that west - east orientation is prohibited area for settlement.
For settlement area, the orientation used is north - south with hierarchy from profan area to sacred area.. The southest area, that is prohibited forest zone is the most sacred one for Baduy society because the area considered to be residence of all ancestors who have died before them. Only certain people at the certain moment—usually at the religious ceremony—may go to the area. House of puun zone is the less sacred area. House of puun can be accessed by only some people. Only senior people in the setlement with certain interest can go to this area.
Zone of bale is conceived as area of profan, can be accessed by all citizens. Bale is a place used for the meeting or religious ceremony, or social gathering of the citizen. The most profan area is zone of saung lisung. This area is used by Baduy women to box paddies (nutu) to become rice, as food-stuff of Baduy society. The paddy they boxed is paddy which have been kept quite long in their paddy mow (leuit). The paddy is from two or three-year-harvest time. This nutu activity is usually done together by Baduy women.
Baduy society maintains their ancestors heritage custom strongly. It is obvious from the life principles they hold. This priciples are also applied at the settlement of their houses. It has northwards orientation to the profan area, and avoid the abstention direction. The entrance to the houses is always in north side. This strategy shows that Baduy society maintains their ancestor culture strongly.
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